Abstract
Tendon and ligament disorders are common indications for ankle surgery. Numerous surgeries
and related modifications, ranging from simple repairs and debridement to complex
reconstructions with tendon transfers or graft, are available. Knowledge of postoperative
imaging appearances of common ankle surgeries is critical to identify complications
and aid assessment of clinical treatment failure. This comprehensive review article
discusses the surgical indications, techniques, imaging appearances, and complications—specifically
those related to minimally invasive or arthroscopic surgery—for various ankle and
foot conditions. It includes anatomical (Brostrom type) and nonanatomical lateral
ligament repairs for ankle instability. Medial compartment procedures are described,
such as peroneal tendon and retinacular repairs, as well as treatments for progressive
collapsing flatfoot deformity, formerly known as posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
or acquired flatfoot deformity. We also examine posterior compartment procedures,
focusing on Achilles tendon repairs. Primary imaging modalities covered are magnetic
resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, and radiographs, including expected
postoperative appearances and the usefulness of each modality.
Keywords
ankle ligament repair - Achilles tendon surgery - posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
- chronic ankle instability - postoperative imaging
